Vector modulation is increasingly used in microwave and satellite communication applications, but generating vector-modulated signals for measurement can be difficult and expensive. However, using ...

If you’ve ever used an RF signal analyzer, you’re probably used to seeing displays like the spectrum graph or constellation plot. Of course, trusting the answers you get from the instrument often ...

There was a time — not long ago — when radio and even wired communications depended solely upon Morse code with OOK (on off keying). Modulating RF signals led to practical commercial radio stations ...

Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) have been widely used since the 1980s in arbitrary function generators (AFGs) and arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs) to produce signals for verification, ...

With 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps networks on the way, engineers are applying RF digital modulation techniques to optical signals. Modulation techniques such as DPSK and DQPSK are moving into wireline optical ...

We’ve done quite a bit with Google Sheets and signal processing: we’ve generated signals, created filters, and computed quadrature signals. We can pull all that together into an educational model for ...