In the world of automobiles the term ECU (Electronic Control Unit) stands for any embedded system that controls one or more of the electrical subsystems in a motor vehicle. Types of ECU in an ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

The circuit was designed to create a handy logic probe that can show off the logic states for high, low and pulsing outputs with the use of CMOS 4001 integrated circuit. Logic Probe – a handheld probe ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...